POME(Palm oil mill effluent) is the voluminous liquid waste that comes from the sterilisation and clarification processes in milling oil palm. The raw effluent contains 90-95% water and includes residual oil, soil particles and suspended solids. It is used as a raw material for bio diesel and heavy oil.

UCO(Used Cooking Oil) is a sustainable raw material made of food industry by-products. It is also known as waste cooking oil, beacause it refers to edible oils and fats' leftovers used for cooking or frying in food industry, restaurants, and households, etc. It is used as a raw material for bio diesel and heavy oil.

PFAD (palm fatty acid distillate) is a by-product of physical refining of crude palm oil products and is composed of free fatty acids (81.7%), glycerides (14.4%), squalene (0.8%), vitamin E (0.5%), sterols (0.4%) and other substances (2.2%). PFAD is used in the animal feed and laundry soap industries as well as a raw material for the oleochemicals industry. Vitamin E, squalene and phytosterols are value-added products which could be extracted from PFAD and are of potential value for the nutraceutical and cosmetic industries. It is used as a raw material for bio diesel and heavy oil.